gif gif
gif
gif gif
gifgif
gifgif
gifgif
gifgif
gifgif
gifgif
gifgif
gifgif
gifgif
gifgif
gifgif
gif gif gif
gifgifHome
gif
gif gif gif
gifgifCredits
gif
gif gif gif
gifgifLinks
gif
gifgifgif
gifgifRSS News
gif
gifgifgif
gif gifShare
gif
gif gif gif
gifgifContact
gif
gifgif
gif gif
gif gif gif

 

gif
Table of Contents
Home

The Expedition

      Hat Rock
      Synopsis
           Washington City to Fort Mandan
           Fort Mandan to Marias River
           Marias River to Lemhi Pass
           Lemhi Pass to Fort Clatsop
           Fort Clatsop to St. Louis
      Rocky Mountain Gates
           Grasping the Northern Rockies
           First Gate Through the Rockies
           Gates of the Mountains
           Little Gates of the Mountains
           Third Mountain Gap
           Last Gates
      Discovering Lewis & Clark from the Air
           Photographer's Preface
           1. Monticello
           2. Harpers Ferry
           3. Pittsburgh
           4. Lawrenceville, West Virginia
           5. Brown's Island, Weirton West Virginia
           6. Wheeling, West Virginia
           7. Cincinnati
           8. Louisville
           9. The Wabash joins the Ohio
           10. The Ohio meets the Mississippi
           11. Mississippi River above Cairo, Illinois
           12. Grand Tower near Cape Girardeau
           13. Western Gate: St. Louis
           14. The Missouri meets the Mississippi
           15. St. Charles, Missouri
           16. Charrette Creek opposite Washington, Missouri
           17. Osage River
           18. Jefferson City on the Missouri
           19. Arrow Rock, Missouri
           20. Drift, near Arrow Rock, Missouri
           21. Malta Bend, in Missouri
           22. Confluence, Kansas and Missouri Rivers
           23. St. Joseph, Missouri
           24. Rulo, Nebraska
           25. Confluence — Platte and Missouri
           26. Omaha, NE and Council Bluffs, IA
           27. Tornado Damage near Logan, IA
           28. North of Little Sioux, Iowa
           29. Blue Lake, Onawa, IA
           30. Sioux City, Iowa
           31. Elk Point, South Dakota
           32. Spirit Mound near Vermillion, SD
           33. Yankton, South Dakota
           34. Sandbars near Springfield, SD
           35. Niobrara River meets the Missouri
           36. Fort Randall Dam
           37. The Big Bend of the Missouri
           38. Pierre, South Dakota
           39. Oahe Dam
           40. Fort Yates, North Dakota...
           41. Bismarck-Mandan, North Dakota
           42. Knife River Village Site
           43. Fort Mandan
           44. Strip Mine, Falkirk, ND
           45. Confluence of the Yellowstone and Missouri
           46. Fort Union
           47. Oil Well near Culbertson, MT
           48. Milky Blend
           49. Spillway, Fort Peck Dam
           50. Fort Peck Lake
           51. Fort Peck Lake
           52. C.M. Russell NWR
           53. Deserts of America
           54. White Cliffs
           55. Citadel Rock
           56. Great Wall
           57. Decision Point
           58. Narrow Escape
           59. Tremendous Cataract
           60. Crooked Falls
           61. Rainbow Falls
           62. Sun River joins the Missouri
           63. Lower Portage Camp
           64. Oxbow Bend
           65. Gates of the Mountains
           66. Headwaters of the Missouri
           67. Jefferson River at Cardwell, MT
           68. Tobacco Root Mountains
           69. Beaverhead Rock
           70. Clark Canyon Dam
           71. Lemhi Pass
           72. Upper Lemhi Valley
           73. Salmon River near Shoup, ID
           74. Lost Trail Pass
           75. Travelers Rest
           76. Bitterroot Mountains near Lolo Pass
           77. Weippe Prairie
           78. Canoe Camp on the Clearwater
           79. Clearwater River Near Spalding, Idaho
           80. The Clearwater Meets the Snake
           81. The Snake River at the Tucannon
           82. Snake River near the Palouse River
           83.Confluence, Snake and Columbia Rivers
           84. Columbia River near Blalock, Oregon
           85. Miller Island near The Dalles
           86. The Dalles, Oregon
           87. Bonneville Dam & Mount Adams
           88. Beacon Rock
           89. Ridgefield National Wildlife Refuge
           90. North Cascades at Dawn
           91. Lower Estuary of the Columbia
           92. Grays Bay
           93. Point Ellice
           94. Cape Disappointment
           95. Long Beach
           96. Lewis and Clark River
           97. Seaside, Oregon
           98. Tillamook Head
           99. Cannon Beach, Oregon
           100. Portland, Oregon
           101. Salmon River Fishing Trip
           102. Bend of the Yellowstone
           103. Yellowstone Canoe Camp
           104. Pryor Creek
           105. Bridge on the Yellowstone
           106. Pompeys Pillar
           107. Montana Badlands
           108. Knobby Prairie
           109. Lewis and Clark Pass
           110. Camp Disappointment
           111. Fight on the Two Med
      Philadelphia Connections
           Lewis in Philadelphia
                Tides of Nationhood
                Lewis Arrives
                Five Mentors
                Recovery from Crisis
                Central Roles
                William Birch's Philadelphia
           Lewis's Friends and Mentors
                Benjamin Smith Barton (1766-1815)
                Nicholas Biddle (1786-1844)
                Mahlon Dickerson (1770-1853)
                Andrew Ellicott (1754-1820)
                George Logan (1753-1821)
                Thomas McKean (1734-1817)
                Robert Patterson (1743-1824)
                Charles Willson Peale (1741-1827)
                Frederick Pursh (1774-1820)
                Benjamin Rush (1746-1820)
                Caspar Wistar (1761-1818)
           Historic Places
                Academy of Natural Sciences
                Center Square Pump House
                Christ Church
                City Tavern
                College of Physicians
                Man Full of Trouble Tavern
                Elfreth's Alley
                First Bank
                New Market
                State House (Independence Hall)
                Blanchard's Balloon
                Washington Square
                Pennsylvania Hospital
                St. Peter's Episcopal Church
                The Woodlands
           Du Pratz, History of Louisiana
                Memoir of a French Visitor
                Louisiana in 1757
                Model for Lewis
                Full View and Detail - du Pratz's Map
           Astronomy Notebook
                Editor's Foreword
                Confidential
                Patterson's Reply
                Problem 1st
                Problem 2nd
                Problem 3rd
                Problem 4th
                Problem 5th
                Lewis's Notes
                Hassler's Dilemmas
                Biddle's Opinions
                Challenges for Hassler
                Persistent Hope
           Benjamin Rush, M.D.
                Early Life and Education
                Building a Practice; Reformer Rush
                Rush, the Politician
                Rush and the APS
                18th Century Medical Theory
                Medicine of Benjamin Rush
                Rush, Jefferson and Medicine
                Rush and the Corps of Discovery
                Conclusion
                Rush's Writings for the APS
                Appendix One
                Appendix Two
           Lewis's Medicines
                Lewis's List
                Interactive Index
                Botanicals
                Rush's Bilious Pills
                Chemical Drugs
                Non-Drug Items
           Useful Knowledge in the New Republic - C.W. Peale
                Charles Willson Peale - Beginnings
                Peale in London
                Peale the Soldier
                Post-Revolutionary Peale
                Founding the Museum
                Building the Museum
                Lewis and Clark in the Museum
                Peale the Farmer; Last Works
           Paleontology
                Imagining the Beast
                Jefferson's Megalonyx
                No Extinction?
                Living Fossils!
                Lewis - Student Paleontologist
                Peale's Mammoth Picture
                Pleistocene Boneyard
                Rocks and Fossils
                Missing Fossils
                Georges Buffon
                Georges Cuvier
                Richard Harlan
      Ohio River
           Late Start
           Shallow Water
           At the Falls of the Ohio
           The Partnership Begins
           To the Mississippi
      Missouri River Scenes
           Tywappity Bottom
           The Big Muddy Joins the Mighty Miss
           Mouth of the Missouri
           Haynes, Moreau River
           Haynes, Ordway's Mishap
           The Osage Joins the Missouri
           Kansas Cities on the Kaw
           Hair-raising Hazards
           Manholes on the Mo
           Cornfed River
           MRC Map of the Big Bend (1880s)
           Holdout
           The Missouri River - Habits and Eccentricities
           The Mouth of the Yellowstone River
           Judith River
           Fort Mountain - Square Butte
           Landmark - The Bear's Tooth
           Scenes from the Centennial
           Beaverhead Rock - Aerial View
           Milk River
                The Missouri and the Milk
                Encouraging Words
                Milk River and Panther Mountain
                Milk River near the Bear's Paw
           Missouri Headwaters
                Essential Point, 1805
                Gallatin City, 1863-65
      Marias River
           Clark's Map, Marias & Missouri
           Marias River - First Glance
           Very Considerable River
           Bad Land
           Mouth of the Teton River
           A Handsome Little River
           A Noble River
           Wild Rose
           What's in a Name?
           Wild Rose Hips
           View from the Heights
           A most inchanting view
           Mountains, Montana & Idaho
           Forty Miles From Freedom
           A Handsome Situation
           Gold of Ophir
           Lower Marias Aerial
           Liquid Gold
           Loma, Montana
           Flood on the Lower Marias, 1948
           Tiber Dam
           Tiber Dam Today
           Water Intake
           War Monument
           My Lai on the Marias
           Deep Monument
           Soft Gold - Fur
           Beaver Plew
           Hard Gold - Wheat
           Squaring the Golden Triangle
           Triangle Map
           Always The Wind
           Shelterbelt
           Black Gold - Oil
           Pump-Jacks
           Tower Mountain
           Hidden Gold
           Overlooked Opportunities
           Dinosaur Fossils
           Camp Disappointment
           Drouillard's Route
           Where in the World
           Old Bones
      Great Falls and Portage
           Crooked Falls
           Rapids
           Colter Falls
           Giant Springs
           The Falls and Portage
           Route Survey
           Sulfur Spring - Closeups
           Measuring the Falls
                Clark's Sketch - The Portage
                Clark's Map of the Falls
                John Evans's Map (detail)
                How High the Falls?
                Measuring the Falls of the Missouri
                Heights and Distances
                Why?
           The Grand Fall
                Grand Fall - Main Menu
                Clark's Measurements
                Great Falls - Barralet's Drawing
                Niagara Falls - Fr. Louis Hennepin
                Niagara Falls - Bodmer
                Sohon's Lithograph
                Exceptional Perspective
                Stereo Photo
                From the Verge of the Canyon
                Centennial View - Olin D. Wheeler
                Very high tide
           Handsome Falls
                Handsom Falls - Clark's Sketch
                Mathews' Second Principle Fall
                Handsom Falls - First Photo
                Rainbow Falls
                Handsom Falls - Menu
           Black Eagle Falls
                Black Eagle Falls - Clark's Sketch Map
                Black Eagle Falls and Dam - Aerial
           Sulfur Spring
                Secrets of Sulfur Spring
                Miracle of Sulfur Spring
                Facts about Sulfur Spring
                Something in the Water
                Phycology
                Adding It Up
                Something (More) in the Water
           Meadow Larks
                Western Meadowlark - A Western Greeting
                Eastern Meadowlark - Eastern Shout
                Tell-tale Tails
                Hand to Mouth
           Sun or Medicine River
      Fortunate Camp
           Clark's Map
           River's End
           Promises to Keep
           Lewis's Birthday Meditation
           Site of Camp Fortunate
           Hidden History
           Lewis's Shoshone Tippet
           Three Roots
           Jerusalem Artichoke
           Common Snowberry
           Westslope Cutthroat
           Where Was Fortunate Camp?
                Clark's Latitude
                Observing Latitude
                Results
                Longitude at Fortunate Camp
      On Jefferson's River
           Gate of Gold
           Snow in the Tobacco Roots
           The Rock She Meant
           Landmark for Clark
           Gold Strike on Willard's Creek
           Janey's Old Neighborhood
      Idaho: Lewis's River
           Key Map, Lewis's River Valleys
           A Gap in a Dividing Ridge
           A Great Height
           A Redrock Stagecoach near Lemhi Pass
           Trails to Pattee Creek
           Withington Creek Camp
           Two Villages on the Lemhi
           Ceremony of the Pipe
           Fish Weirs
           Sammon Run
           Big Flat
           Geology Lesson
           Inside Kirwan's Mineralogy
           Tower Creek Skyline
           River of No Return
           North Fork of the Salmon River
           Horse Packing
           Ropewalk
           Shoshone Caparison
           On the Bitterroot Divide
           Clark's Map -- Lemhi Pass to Salmon River
           Map - Carmen Creek to North Fork
           Map - North Fork to Lost Trail Pass
      Lolo Stories
           Place-Names
           Recollection
           Thompson's & Ashley's Lolos
           John Work; Father De Smet
           John Mullan's Lolo
           Putting Lolo on the Map
           Major Owen's Lolos
           St. Mary's Rediviva
           Old-Timers
           Endless Possibilities
           Lolos in the GNIS
           Lolo in Trade Jargon
           One Corporeal Lolo
           A Worthwhile Study
      Bitterroot Barrier: K'useyneiskit
           Clark's Maps of K'useyneiskit
                1. Packer Meadows to Wendover Ridge
                2. Snowbank Camp to Indian Post Office
                3. Sinque Hole Camp to Dry Camp
                4. Hungry Camp to Full Stomach Camp
                5. Lewis & Clark Grove to Weippe Prairie
                6. From Weippe Prairie to Canoe Camp
                7. Camp Chopunnish to Salmon River
                Ordway's Camp, May 27, 1806
                Deer Creek, May 28, 1806
                Fishery on the Snake, May 29, 1806
                South Fork of the Clearwater River
           Finding K'useyneiskit
                Ancient Travelers
                Horse Road
                Trails to Rails
                Motor Way
           Celestial Observations at Clearwater Canoe Camp
                Fortunate Camp to Clearwater Canoe Camp
                Latitude by Meridian Altitude
                Latitude by Hour Angle
                Checking the Chronometer
                Observations for Magnetic Declination
                Longitude - The Captains' Observations
                Longitude by Lunar Distance
                Longitude by Patterson's Formula
           Celestial Observations at Camp Chopunnish
                Springtime Respite
                Observations at Long Camp
                Calculations of Observations
                Magnetic Declination - Camp Chopunnish
                Lunar Distances
                Testing Patterson's Formula
           The Rocks they Walked On
                Getting to Know Rocks
                Gray Granite
                Pink Granite
                Basalt Floods & Dust Dunes
           Life Along K'useyneiskit
                Sheep in the Bitterroots
                Camas -- Invisible Gardening
                Who Loves Fire?
                Weeds: Which Ones Should We Worry About?
                Forests Created by Fire
                Where's the Elk?
                K'useyneiskit's Hidden Winter World
           Lewis as Botanist
           Camassia quamash
                1. Over Lewis's Shoulder
                2. Radix with Radicles
                3. Foliage
                4. Peduncle and Pedicel
                5. Calyx
                6. Corolla
                7. Stamens, Filaments and Anthers
                8. Pistil, Stigma, Style, Pericarp
                9. Baking Camas
           Landsat over Lolo Pass
                New Views of the Hoop
                Comparisons - Understanding Change
                Vicinity of Lolo Pass
      Through the Columbia Gorge
           Columbia Gorge as Division Point
           Native Life in the Columbia Gorge
           Wishrams and the Expedition
           Westward Through the Gorge
           Clark's Chart, Great Falls of the Columbia
           Back Through the Gorge, 1806
      Beacon Rock
           Remarkable Rock
           George Vancouver's Map of the Lower Columbia
           Miscommunication
           Castle Rock
           Beautiful Cascades
      Station Camp
           Ocean in View
           Extent of our Journey
           Chainsaw Sculpture at Station Camp
           Mountains of Waves
           Arrival at the Pacific Ocean
           Wanless Sculpture at Long Beach. Detail
      At the Pacific Ocean
           Tongue Point from Astoria, Oregon
           Very Remarkable Point
           Tremendious Day
           Salt Camp
                Saltworks Re-enactment
                Alchemists' Symbols for Salt
                Sweat of the Earth
                Trail to Salt Camp
                Salt of the Blood
                Saltmakers' Oven, 1899
                A Peck of Thimbles
                Commemorative Plaque at the Salt Works
                A Singular Thirst
                Fast Food
                Worthy of Notice
                Salt Cairn Memorial
                Salt's Works
                Report to Congress
                Worth Their Salt
                Salt of the Earth
                Cum Grano Salis
      Fort Clatsop
           Rush Job
           Neighborly Gift
           Interior of a Chinook House
           Stick Game
           The Wilkes Expedition
           Comcomly's Tomb
           A Thread of History
           Fort Clatsop Site, 1900
           Differences
           The Way It Was
           Lewis & Clark River
           Great River of the West
           Columbia Rediviva
           Tongue Point from Astoria, Oregon
           Flintlock Rifle - Harpers Ferry
                Model 1803
                Load & Fire
                Twelve Steps to Dinner
                Inside Story
                Blow Up!
           Tour the Fort
                Entrance to Parade Ground
                     Entrance to the Parade Ground
                     First Squad: Pryor
                The Parade Ground
                     Third Squad: Ordway
                     Second Squad: Gass
                     Sentinel's Box
                     Water Gate
                     Roosevelt Elk
                     Roosevelt Elk Relationships
                     Roosevelt Elk Crowning Glory
                     Elk Bugle
                Orderly Room
                     Detachment Orders, continued
                     Kettles
                     Meat Room
                Captains' Quarters
                     Bobcat - Lynx rufus fasciatus
                     Mountain Beaver
                     Clark's Desk
                     Map of the Lower Columbia
                     Map of Tillamook Head
                     Map from Clatsop Information
                     Berberis aquifolium Pursh
                     A Closer Look
                     Oregon Grape - Barbary Berry
                Captains' Quarters Center
                     Clatsop Hats of a Conic Figure
                     Coastal Indian Cradleboard
                     Bearberry
                     Bearberry - Double Talk
                     Bearberry - Lewis's Description
                     Bearberry Specimen
                     Beargrass
                     Lewis's Desk
                          Elkskin Journal
                          Fort Clatsop Floor Plan
                          Lewis and his Specimen Press
                          Specimen Press
                          Big Trees
                          Douglas-fir - Perspectives
                          Alias Douglas-fir
                          Grand Fir
                     Captains' Table
                          Most Remarkable Trait
                          Classic Profile
                          Tides of Fashion
                          An Indian Commission
                          Critical Shortages
                          Hooked!
                          Indian Tobacco
                          Corolla and Calyx
                          Trade Beads
                          Portable Inkwell
                          Eulachon
                               Eulachon
                               A “Lussious” Fish
                               Eulachon gill and tailfin
                               Eulachon - A Family Affair
                               Eulogy for Eulachon? Part 1
                               Eulogy for Eulachon? Part 2
                               Eulogy for Eulachon? Part 3
      Travelers' Rest to Lolo Pass
           Preface - Dividing Forces
           Hot Springs
           Natural Attraction
           Another Brush with Death
           Anderson Gulch - Grave Creek
           Hub of the West
           Tum-sum-lech - No Salmon!
           Paxson Murals
                Edgar Paxson, Western Artist
                Paxson, Travelers' Rest, 1805
                Detail: Friendly Discourse
                Paxson, Lewis Crosses Clark's River
      Road to the Buffalo
           Lewis's Shortcut Mapped - 1
           July 3, Two Rivers
           July 4, Hell's Gate
           July 4, Confluence
           July 4, Cokahlah ishkit
           Small Grey Squirrel
           July 5, Seaman's Creek
           Seaman's Fate
           Aspen: A Touch of Color - 1
           Aspen: A Touch of Color - 2
           July 6, Beautiful Plain
           Moose - Alces alces
           July 7, Lander's Fork
           July 7, Alice Creek
           July 7, Continental Divide
           Lewis's Shortcut Mapped - 2
           July 7, Rocky Mountain Front
           July 8, Dearborn's River
           July 8, Haystack Butte
           July 8, Mah-pah-pah ah-zhah
           July 9 - Sun River & Battle Hills
           July 10, Fort Mountain
           July 11-15, Back to the Falls
      Yellowstone River Return
           Nathaniel Pryor's Mission
           Yellowstone River
                The Roche Jaune
                Frontier Experience
                Last River
                Captain Clark Reaches the Roche Jaune
                Captain Lewis Sighting the Yellowstone
                Nicholas King Map (1803), Detail
                A Chapter of Accidents
                Clark's Projections, 1805
                Easy Mark
                Colstrip, Montana
                Indian Fort
                Mathews, Exit of the Yellowstone
                The Yellowstone at the Clark's Fork
                Warren's Lower Yellowstone
                Mouth of the Yellowstone
                Clark on the Yellowstone
                Clark's Conclusions, 1814
                USGS Map, Big Bend of the Yellowstone
                Indian Information
                Riverine Superhighway
                Grande Dame of the Yellowstone
                Gritty Names
                Shoals Reconsidered
                Paradigm Shift
                Fairest Portion
           Nathaniel Pryor's Mission
                Portents
                Questions for Consideration
                Bold Plan
                Tactical Plan, July 3-August 12, 1806
                Key Figure
                Bull Boats
                Pryor's First Mission
                Fording Place, Billings, Montana
                War Path of the Gros Ventres
                Pickpockets!
                Crow Horse Culture
                Sheheke - Big White
                Sheheke's Wife, Yellow Corn
                Delegation to Washington
                Clark’s Speech to the Crow Indians
                Taking Sheheke Home
                Long-Suffering Shannon
                Lewis Takes Over
           Pompy's Tower
                Pompy's Tower: A Remarkable Rock
                A Most Extensive View
                The Pryor Mountains
                Crow Indian Name for the Tower
                Graffiti
                     Graffiti
                     Tagbanger!
                     Tagger
                     Lewis's Branding Iron
                     Memorials
                     Hitting Up and Going Over
                     Old School
                     Getting Up
                     Brothers
                     Preservers
                     Hailing Heroes
                     Medicine
           Francois Larocque
                Chance Meeting
                Mouse River Trail
                A Very Grand Plan
                Route to the Assiniboine River
                Friendly Visit
                Heartland of the High Plains
                Dangerous Assignment
                Larocque's Yellowstone Journey
                Abominable Country
                Middle Missouri to the Assiniboine River
                Sheheke's Map
           Coal in the Bank
                A Long Story
                1804: Clinker
                1805: Carbonated Wood
                Fort Union Formation
                1806: Last Look
                Pumies Stone
                Pumice - Specimen
                Side View, Fort Union Formation
                Strip-mining at Colstrip, Montana
                Building on Coal
                Coal Takes Over
                Mauve and More - Coal Tar
                The Real Cost of Coal
                Coal - From Now On
                Coal - Glossary
      Yellowstone Aerials
           Pompys Pillar from Above
           Where's Pompy?
           Badlands (Wark aerials)
           More Badlands (Wark aerials)
           The Pryors

 
American Nation
      Manuel Lisa's Fort Raymond
      A Gasconade
      Post-Expedition Fur Trade
      Big Changes in the Deserts
           The Deserts of America
           Indian Country
           Building A Ranch
      Early Flags of America
           The Expedition's Flags
           Flags of Allegiance
      Thompson, Lewis, Clark, Jefferson
           Parallel Journeys
           Two Rivers
           Encounters on the East Slope
           The Columbia District
           Maps and Mammoths
      Freeman-Custis Expedition
           Grand Excursion, Menu Page 1
           Dan Flores
           Grand Excursion, Menu Page 2
           Grand Excursio, Menu Page 3
           Grand Excursion, Menu Page 4
           Grand Excursion, Menu Page 5
           Grand Excursion, Menu Page 6
           Grand Excursion, Menu Page 7
           Grand Excursion, Menu Page 8
           Grand Excursion, Menu Page 9
           Grand Excursion, Menu Page 10
           Grand Excursion, Menu Page 11
           Grand Excursion, Menu Page 12
           Grand Excursion, Menu Page 13
           Grand Excursion, Menu Page 14
           Grand Excursion, Menu Page 15
           Grand Excursion, Menu Page 16
           Grand Excursion, Menu Page 17
           In English