“The Challenge, Yakima Indian” (1911)
by Lucullus V. McWhorter (1860–1944)
Copyright 1911. Courtesy of the Washington State Historical Society.
Lucullus Virgil McWhorter was a farmer who settled in the upper Yakima valley in 1903. He collected first-hand accounts of Plateau people including eye-wtiness accounts of the Yakama and Nez Perce wars. He became a rights activist on behalf of the nations he befriended, and the Yakamas officially adopted him as an honorary member in 1914 giving him the name Old Wolf.[1]McWhorter’s writings include Crime Against the Yakimas (1913), Yellow Wolf: His own Story (1944), and Hear Me, My Chiefs! (1951). See also his biography by Alanna K. Brown, Voice of the Old … Continue reading
The Yakama’s first Euro-American contact was the Lewis and Clark Expedition in 1805. The captains named the people Chim’-nah-pum’ which was the name of the village at the mouth of the Yakima River. On his map, Clark labeled labeled the river “Tape-tett.” Táptăp was the name of a village several miles up the river near present-day Prosser.[2]Helen H. Schuster, Handbook of North American Indians: Plateau Vol. 12, ed. Deward E. Walker, Jr. (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1998), 329, 348–349. It was on his excursion to the mouth of the Yakima River on 17 October 1805 that he commented: “the Cause of the emence numbers of dead Salmon I can’t account for.”
In 1994, the council for the Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation, changed the people’s spelling to Yakama. The river and city in central Washington retain their original spelling, Yakima.
Selected Encounters
The Wascos and Wishrams
by Barbara Fifer
At The Dalles lived Upper Chinookan people, the Wishrams on the Columbia’s north (Washington) side—and their allies the Wascos on the south (Oregon) side—who were the main masters of the regional trading center. The Lewis and Clark Expedition encamped on the north side.
Flag Presentations
by Joseph A. Mussulman
Lewis and Clark usually distributed flags at councils with the chiefs and headmen of the tribes they encountered—one flag for each tribe or independent band.
October 16, 1805
A musical welcome
Snake and Columbia rivers, WA The paddlers negotiate the last of the Snake River rapids and arrive at the Columbia River where they are given a musical welcome from a large group of Yakamas and Wanapums. They give the Indians tobacco, peace medals, and other gifts.
October 17, 1805
Snake and Columbia observations
Snake and Columbia rivers, WA On a clear morning, the captains take lunar observations. Clark is escorted about ten miles up the Columbia where he notes Indian ways and salmon habitats. Lewis takes an Indian vocabulary from the Wanapum and Yakama Indians.
October 18, 1805
Down the Columbia
Wallula Gap, WA The captains council with the Wanapums and Yakamas and records Sahaptian vocabularies. Clark measures the widths of the Snake and Columbia rivers. Late in the day, the expedition heads down the Columbia.
October 29, 1805
Friendly villages
Little White Salmon River, WA The expedition encounters friendly villages where they buy food. The climatic transition from the Cascade Mountain’s dry side to its wet side begins.
April 25, 1806
Horse heaven
During a march of 20 miles, the travelers stop at a large Pish-quit-pah village that have never seen white men before. Lewis remarks on the abundant bunch grass of the Horse Heaven Hills.
April 28, 1806
Yelleppit brings a horse
Across from the Walla Walla River, talks begin with Sacagawea and Charbonneau as interpreters. Yelleppit brings Clark a horse, Clark gives medical aid, and Pvt. Frazer buys ten fat dogs for consumption.
Notes
| ↑1 | McWhorter’s writings include Crime Against the Yakimas (1913), Yellow Wolf: His own Story (1944), and Hear Me, My Chiefs! (1951). See also his biography by Alanna K. Brown, Voice of the Old Wolf: Lucullus Virgil McWhorter and the Nez Perce Native Americans. |
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| ↑2 | Helen H. Schuster, Handbook of North American Indians: Plateau Vol. 12, ed. Deward E. Walker, Jr. (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1998), 329, 348–349. |
